A Nature Journal Week: Spring 2025

On The Keystone Naturalist Facebook page, I have been sharing my daily nature journal pages. I’ve been loosely following along with The Wild Wonder Foundation‘s monthly nature journaling prompts.

March 20 – Spring Equinox has come and with it a project- a year of exploring the nature at home. Every day (or nearly) I’ll take my journal out and explore my home. Today I drew wild garlic, which grows in my yard. I plucked a handful to bring inside. The pungent smell filled my kitchen. As a little girl, I’d pick this in my parents’ yard until my hands would stink. Mom would give me a hot bath and forbid me from touching it again. Somehow, I’d always end up in it again, stinking all over!

March 21 – On the second day of Spring, a crocus bloomed in my yard. In five years of living here, it’s the first one to ever appear. I feel blessed to know it’s growing here, yet sad because it’s an invasive species like my daffodils and hyacinths. I won’t even try to remove it.

March 22 – Right in the front yard, a big clump of showy daffodils are budding. I expect them to bloom sometime next week. Each year, they grow back bigger and showier. I adore them. I think the buds swell up each time the rain falls, leaping up and reaching towards the skies. I would do the same.

March 23 – I took a walk to the launch today, searching for some peace after a busy weekend. The sycamore trees dominated my thoughts, towering high over me and loaded with seed pods. The water is low, revealing the lake bed. Lots of people are out fishing in the water. Robins are everywhere. I counted thirty on the hill over the parking lot. Song sparrows call incessantly, naming their territory with sweet liquid voices.

March 24 – Today is my 30th birthday. The pussy willow bush is blooming. As much as this bush perturbs me and obstructs my view of the backyard, it is beautiful in the Spring. The catkins are soft like Oliver’s paws. The weather was beautiful today, and it felt like the whole world was celebrating the season with me.

March 25 – As I walked up the sidewalk, I noticed a new flower in the yard, a dandelion. I plucked it and brought it in to draw. Taraxacum officinale, the Common Dandelion, is naturalized to Pennsylvania. Originally from Eurasia, it was brought to our country by early colonists. While I don’t mind them in my yard, I think it’s interesting how this “noxious weed” so many love to hate is the result of the actions of colonists.

March 26 – Rough, cold winds blew and prevented me from journaling outdoors. Instead I sat in my car at Millbrook Marsh Nature Center waiting for the bird club meeting to start. The bark of a Paper Birch tree blew in the wind. Pennsylvania is at the southernmost tip of its natural range. If it continues to warm, will we still have the Paper Birch growing freely in Pennsylvania?

March 27 – The remaining forsythia bush in the yard is close to blooming. This shrub is pretty in the Spring, but an annoyance at any other time. I hesitate to call it horrible, but that’s how I think of it in my heart. I can’t wait to remove this one and burn it to ashes this summer. The current drought is preventing me from burning anything.

Have you been keeping a nature journal this Spring? What changes in the environment around you have you noticed? Please share in the comments!

A Mussel Mystery at Bald Eagle

In mid-March, the US Army Corps of Engineers opens the gate of Foster Joseph Sayers Dam to drain the lake. In a few days, the lakebed lies exposed to the elements. People gather to meander amongst the rubble of historic Howard- myself included.

On a long post-work walk, I was able to explore the edge of the lake along the Bald Eagle Launch side of the dam. For five years I’ve made the annual trek along the gravel ridge that extends from the launch site. This gravel is old fill, a mixture of sandstone, limestone, and slag. More artificial reefs and ridges dot the land, placed to assist in building habitat.

Another type of creature benefits from these gravel beds- freshwater mussels.

Mussels live in flowing water, ranging from streams to rivers. Some species adapted to living in lakes. Mussels anchor themselves at the bottom of the stream with their byssal threads. To feed, mussels filter the water for nutrients, cleaning water of algae and muck along the way. Mussels are food for some mammals, including raccoons, otters, mink, and muskrat. In the past, mussels were food for the indigenous people of Pennsylvania. The Delaware and Lenape tribes included mussels as part of their regular diet.

Unfortunately, mussels are on the edge of extinction in Pennsylvania. Water pollution, habitat destruction, and invasive species put our mussels at great risk. The Salamander Mussel and Eastern Pearlshell are at enormous risk of extirpation. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission are managing them using Species Action Plans. Using habitat management plans, they are restoring habitat throughout the Commonwealth. They also try to control invasive species- a battle hard fought and rarely won.

Walking the lakebed as a little girl, I would find large shells, at least 3 inches wide. As an adult, I often find smaller shells, ranging from 1 inch to 2 inches wide. Over the years, I have seen a significant decrease in the number of shells I find. On a similar walk 3 years ago, I found the remains of at least 10 mussels, while I only found 2 this year.

As I walked more, I started wondering what kind of mussels I found. On my way back, I stopped to take pictures of the shells. While it would have been easy to take the shells home with me, it’s safer to leave them where I found them. In the event the mussel was an endangered species, it’s illegal in Pennsylvania to have the shells. Once I finished with pictures, I hurried home.

Up to 4 species of mussels may appear in the Bald Eagle: Triangle Floater, Eastern Elliptio, Green Floater, and Creeper. I studied the pictures in the guide and compared to the pictures I took. The pictures and short descriptions were great, but I also searched on the web for more pictures. The shells I found looked like 2 of the species, the Triangle Floater and Green Floater.

Ultimately, I decided I found Green Floater shells. In addition to being small, I can see green stripes on the worn yellow shells. The shells are very thin, with a shallow umbo. The inside of the shells has a white, almost silvery lining. I read online that these mussels can be found in sandy and gravelly substrate, buried up to 15 inches deep. The water above is usually quiet pools and eddies. When water levels are high, this area of the lake is quiet, with gentle waves always lapping at the shore.

In 2023, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed federal protection for Green Floaters. In a press release, USFWS shared that Green Floaters are rare in almost 80% of the watersheds where they occur. Since the USFWS is attempting to list this species as endangered, I felt like I should get a second opinion. I sent an email to the USFWS Ecological Services Office in State College, PA for confirmation. I have yet to hear back.

As the water levels have fallen throughout the past week, the state of these mussels has been on my mind. As I walk through and explore the lakebed, I’ve been keeping my eye out for more shells. Easier said than done, but another task of a naturalist I take seriously, and yet with great joy.

Works Cited

Delaware Tribe of Indians. “Foods Eaten by the Lenape Indians.” Delawaretribe.org, Official Web Site of the Delaware Tribe of Indians, 27 June 2013, www.delawaretribe.org/blog/2013/06/27/foods-eaten-by-the-lenape-indians/. Accessed 17 Mar. 2025.

Macdonald, Bridget, and Jennifer Koches. “Service Proposes Protections for Green Floater Mussel.” FWS.gov, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 25 July 2023, www.fws.gov/press-release/2023-07/service-proposes-protections-green-floater-mussel. Accessed 17 Mar. 2025.

Pennsylvania Fish & Boat Commission. A Field Guide to Pennsylvania’s Freshwater Mussels. Pennsylvania Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, 9 Feb. 2018.

—. “Aquatic Invasive Species.” PA.gov, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 2025, www.pa.gov/agencies/fishandboat/conservation/aquatic-invasive-species.html. Accessed 17 Mar. 2025.

—. “Species Action Plan: Eastern Pearlshell (Margaritifera Margaritifera).” PA.gov, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, June 2023. Accessed 17 Mar. 2025.

—. “Species Action Plan: Salamander Mussel (Simpsonaias Ambigua).” PA.gov, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, June 2023. Accessed 17 Mar. 2025.

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. “Green Floater (Lasmigona Subviridis) .” FWS.gov, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 2023, www.fws.gov/species/green-floater-lasmigona-subviridis. Accessed 17 Mar. 2025.

Late Winter at Hort Woods

The March winds pushed me as I hurried down the sidewalk to Hort Woods. Traffic zipped by, and students shivered as they ran from dorm to dorm. Even though I’ve taken hundreds of walks on campus, I’ve never taken a dedicated walk through Hort Woods. This past Thursday I spent a half-hour in this historic grove of trees at University Park.

In 2001, Hort Woods earned “Heritage Grove” status at Penn State. In the 1800s, Hort Woods stretched from central campus to the Penn State Arboretum site. The original Hort Woods was cleared for construction. The remaining patch of land contains some surviving trees, or at least their progeny. Yet, by the 2010s, the area had become degraded by invasive plants. The Penn State Eco Action Club partnered with Penn State OPP to rehabilitate Hort Woods. Supplemental funding from the Penn State Student Fee Board helped the project along. Rehabilitation included removing invasive species and replanting with the Miyawaki Method.

On my walk, I followed the sidewalks surrounding and through Hort Woods. Despite the dormant landscape, the tract of trees was humming with life. I first spotted a Red-Bellied Woodpecker digging through a snag. Right after, a Downy Woodpecker flitted over my head. I heard the high calls of American Goldfinches and House Finches in the canopy. A Merlin recording revealed more species: Black-capped Chickadees, Dark-eyed Juncos, and White-breasted Nuthatches.

Along the sidewalk in some areas, small green plants were pushing up through the leaf litter. A check with iNaturalist revealed them to be Japanese Pachysandra. In other sections, English Ivy trailed along the ground and up the trunks of trees. English Ivy, while pretty, is difficult to eradicate. The ivy reminded me that eradicating invasive species requires many years of effort. Penn State is making that effort by implementing a sustainable landscape plan.

Derek K., Senior Landscape Architect and Eco Action Club Adviser, shared the University Park Campus Sustainable Landscape Implementation Plan with me via email. The plan mentions “Restoring the Legacy of Hort Woods” as a major action item. The goal of the project is to restore native species and develop the area into a 4-acre swath of healthy habitat. The action plan utilizes straightforward management techniques familiar to non-foresters like myself. Penn State is focusing on soil decompaction, low- or no-till methods, and composting. From my experience, I know these plans will be executed as carefully and thoughtfully as funding permits.

Late winter can be a depressing time of year. My walk tempered this feeling, and I left hopeful for what is in store for Hort Woods. By exploring this one patch of wood, I learned I’m one of many that care deeply for Penn State’s landscapes. Hort Woods is now a part of my walks, and I’m excited to observe the changes as we transition into Spring.

Works Cited

Penn State University. (2014, November 8). Heritage tree groves: G-6. The Pennsylvania State University. https://web.archive.org/web/20141108064008/http://lorax.opp.psu.edu/trees/heritage/groves/hgrove.jsp?ID=G-6

Penn State University. (2012, February 13). Hort Woods rehabilitation project to begin soon. https://www.psu.edu/news/university-park/story/hort-woods-rehabilitation-project-begin-soon

Stephen Stimson Associates Landscape Architects, Inc., Phyto Studio, Climate Positive Design, & The Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. (2024). University Park Campus Sustainable Landscape Implementation Plan. Penn State University.

Midwinter at the Arboretum

Lime-green stalks of bamboo greeted me as I entered the Arboretum at Penn State. This wonderful, ever-changing botanical garden always captures my attention and imagination. Even at midwinter, I enjoy spending my midday break walking among the dormant plants.

I always start with the Oasis Garden. Taking the first left, I wandered through and spun the ice on the Lotus Pool. The walls protected me from the wind as I poked around the plants. Very little was growing here, with most fading away into the mulch. The Rose and Fragrance Garden was more promising. The little buds peeping from the tips of branches signal oncoming Spring. As I finish looping through, a gust of wind shakes the waxy magnolia leaves, causing them to clack like bones.

The walled gardens lead into the Pollinator and Bird Garden. Here the wind gusted, unobstructed by trees or hedges. I pull my shawl closer to my neck and continue to the pond by the Pollinator Plaza. From the top of the willow house, a Song Sparrow calls, spinning around on its perch to watch me. Most other birds are flitting overhead, or on a beeline to the Bird House.

The small wooden building is a relief from the wind. Another visitor is sitting on the porch, so I veer to the back and rest on the bench to watch the feeders. Dark-Eyed Juncos were tumbling over each other as they dig through the mulch for seeds. From the tops of the evergreen trees, a Blue Jay crunched a peanut. After a few minutes, a trio of Black-Capped Chickadees swept in to chase House Finches. I could- and I have- spent hours in this exact spot. Yet with my break ticking to a close, I knew I needed to keep going.

The Pollinator and Bird Garden connects to an esplanade with a giant sundial. The sidewalks border the Children’s Garden. I veered left into the Children’s Garden and entered the faux cave. Cold water dripped from the ceiling, most likely ice melting from the roof. The path carved through the cave, then out and behind the Glass House. Grey and black squirrels danced in the trees overhead as I walked. An employee was tending to the garden, and I stayed out of their way as best as I could.

From the Children’s Garden, I followed the the Strolling Garden path to the Poplar Court. The Black Poplars stretched high into the sky over my head. I wove in and out between the trees, admiring the neon yellow and neon orange lichens. Most appeared to be a species from genus Candelaria. (I’m still waiting for some confirmations on iNaturalist now.) I took as many pictures as I could before I hurried back to work.

*Xanthoria parietina* (Common Sunburst Lichen)

Even though there were few blooming flowers, the Arboretum is still full of life in winter. From lichens to songbirds, there is a little bit of something for everyone. During my walk, I found a pamphlet rack, which had a booklet on trails in Hartley Wood. As I’ve been walking, I’ve been planning the rest of this year’s adventures… which won’t take me very far at all!

Catch Me Outside for 1,000 Hours

On the first 40-degree day of February, I went on a long walk. It was my first walk as part of my 2025 goal: spend 1,000 hours outside by December 31st.

I don’t choose traditional resolutions. Instead, I pick one big goal for the year, and work hard to achieve it. Past goals have been reading 100 books, folding 1,000 paper cranes, and going on a book-buying ban. This year, my mom recommended that I try to spend 1,000 hours outside in a calendar year.

This goal aligns with my belief that everyone should be spending more time outside. The founder of 1,000 Hours Outside suggests that children who spend many hours outside per day have improved health and wellness. I disagree with the founder’s other beliefs, but have found evidence to support this claim. A review found that outdoor play is a practical method for improving children’s health (McCurdy, 2010). Another article suggests that exposure to many different bird species outdoors can improve mental health (Methorst, 2024). Birding is an excellent vehicle for improving health on the sly (Dresser, 2024). As I’m working on improving my health, spending more time outside should help.

I also chose this goal with the hope of breaking a screen addiction. On average, I spend about 4 hours per day on my iPhone. I know I spend at least 8 hours per day working on my laptop. Even with a little overlap, this amounts to almost 70 hours of screentime per week! When I’ve spent long periods of time spending 90 minutes or less on my iPhone per day, I have improved mental health. Sure, this is anecdotal evidence, but it is my experience. I want to replace this non-work-related screen time with time spent in nature.

As odd as this may sound, I also chose this goal to help me reconnect with the outdoors. After a tough winter, I’m disconnected from the natural world around me. I admit that in January, I was getting out 1 to 2 times per week. I’m craving spending time outdoors to explore and enjoy the natural world.

*Stereum complicatum* (Crowded Parchment)

I started tracking on Monday, and got an hour in right away. I let myself meander through the park and enjoy myself rather than hustle to achieve a step goal. I was able to take notice of some mosses and lichens, and found a fresh woodpecker hole in a tree. I felt refreshed, and had a super productive afternoon afterwards.

While I’m starting out a little behind, I know I’ll catch up soon. I’m counting down the days to when I can go hiking and kayaking at the park. I’ve squirreled away the pennies for a hammock rack to put in my yard for reading outdoors. Our grilling station is set up and ready for when it’s not snowing or raining. I’ve been making plans for spring hikes with my siblings. I’m very energized and excited about finishing this goal- and I’ll bring you along with me!

Have you attempted a 1,000 hours outside challenge?